Table 2 Baseline data of the literature that met the inclusion criteria

Guo Xian [20]

70

Pre-ulcer stage gangrene

Yanghe decoction with fumigation method

Significantly improve limb function in patients with pre-ulcer stage gangrene, significant efficacy

Cui Haiyan [21]

68

Stage I thromboangiitis obliterans (cold coagulation meridian type)

Arterial no.1 and Yanghe decoction

The overall clinical efficacy of the arterial no.1 group is better than that of the Yanghe decoction group

Wei Dongdong [22]

97

Thromboangiitis obliterans

Chinese medicine fumigation combined with individualized pain management

Significant improvement in ABI, reduction in inflammation and pain, improved clinical symptoms

Zhang Qian [23]

40

Stage I thromboangiitis obliterans

Electroacupuncture at Jiaji points

Improved overall symptoms, higher effective rate

Zhang Qi [24]

60

Stage I thromboangiitis obliterans (damp-heat downward flow type)

Modified Simiao Yong’an decoction combined with femoral artery perfusion

Effective in reducing symptoms and improving blood flow

Huang Nan [25]

64

Thromboangiitis obliterans

Tongyang Huoxue decoction fumigation

Significant improvement in ABI, reduction in inflammation and pain, improved clinical symptoms

Guo Panpan [26]

120

Early and middle-stage thromboangiitis obliterans

Modified Taohong Siwu decoction

Improved hemodynamics, reduced blood viscosity, enhanced lower limb motor function

Huang Qian [27]

50

Thromboangiitis obliterans

Simiao Tongmai decoction

Effective in reducing symptoms and improving blood flow

Xun Xiaoyu [28]

17

Thromboangiitis obliterans

Ginkgo leaf

Regulates related mechanisms and improves symptoms