Table 1 General descriptive characteristics of the studies included in the review (n = 77)
First author and publication year | Study location | Study design | Study population | Study setting | Adherence/persistence? | Sample size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ali M, 2023 [24] | New Zealand | Cohort | Patients aged 35–84 years with ACS | Hospital | Adherence | 30,452 |
Allonen J, 2012 [25] | Finland | Cohort | ACS patients undergoing CA | Hospital | Adherence and persistence | 2091 |
Alsabbagh W, 2017 [26] | Canada | Cohort | Patients aged ≥ 30 who suffered an ACS after AH | Hospital | Adherence | 9051 |
Al-Khadra S, 2014 [31] | Germany | RCT | Patients aged ≥ 65 discharged from HA after a first or recurrent AMI | Hospital | Persistence | 259 |
Bell KJ, 2011 [32] | Australia and New Zealand | RCT | Patients 31–75 with high cholesterol and a history of AMI/UA | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 9014 |
Blackburn DF, 2005 [33] | Canada | Cohort | Patients aged 30–70 (first cardiovascular event in the last year) | Outpatient and inpatient setting | Adherence | 1221 |
Booth JN, 2017 [34] | USA | Cohort | Patients aged ≥ 66 and ≤ 110 who suffered AMI | Hospital | Persistence | 158,795 |
Brogaard HV, 2012 [35] | Denmark | Cohort | Patients discharged from HA after diagnosis of AMI | Hospital | Adherence | 474 |
Brown R, 2021 [36] | UK | Cohort | Patients ≥ 18 years (HA for AMI) | Hospital | Adherence | 11,031 |
Carey IM, 2012 [37] | UK | Cohort | Patients aged 30–84 after their first AMI | Outpatient clinic | Persistence | 6988 |
Chan V, 2008 [38] | USA | Retrospective cohort study | Adults aged 18–64 years, discharged after MI | Inpatient and outpatient | Adherence | 387 |
Chen PS, 2016 [39] | Taiwan | Cohort | Patients ≥ 18 years of age admitted for acute ischemic stroke or TIA | Hospital | Adherence | 5354 |
Chen ST, 2019 [40] | Taiwan | Cohort | Patients aged 20–100, who were discharged from hospital for a new ASCVD episode, and initiated a statin within 90 days after hospital discharge | Hospital | Adherence and persistence | 185,252 |
Chi MD, 2014 [41] | USA | Cross-sectional | Patients ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of CAD | Outpatient and inpatient | Adherence | 67,100 |
Choudhy NK, 2011 [42] | USA | RCT | Patients under 65 years of age with a diagnosis of AMI | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 5855 |
Chow CK, 2022 [43] | Australia | RCT | Patients with ACS, with mobile phone and reading ability | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 1424 |
Chung PW, 2018 [44] | South Korea | Cohort | Patients ≥ 20 years with a diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke or TIA | Hospital | Adherence | 991 |
Coberley C, 2008 [45] | USA | Observational | Patients with CHD and/or HF enrolled in disease management programs | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 20,202 |
Colantonio LD, 2017 [46] | USA | Cohort | Patients > 66 years hospitalized for MI, prescribed statins within 30 days of discharge | Hospital | Adherence and persistence | 57,888 |
Cooke CE, 2006 [47] | USA | Cohort | Patients with chronic arterial disease | Outpatient and inpatient | Adherence and persistence | 2095 |
Di Martino M, 2016 [48] | Italy | Cohort | Patients hospitalized with incident myocardial infarction (MI) | Hospital | Adherence | 9606 |
Fanaroff AC, 2020 [49] | USA | RCT | Adult patients hospitalized for AMI, treated with P2Y12 with medical insurance | Hospital | Adherence and persistence | 5109 |
Fang R, 2015 [50] | China | RCT | Patients with CAD | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 280 |
Faridi KF, 2016 [51] | USA | Retrospective cohort study | Patients > 65 years, Medicare-insured, discharged alive after AMI (STEMI/NSTEMI) | Outpatient and inpatient | Adherence | 20,976 |
Griffiths B, 2014 [52] | South Africa | Cross-sectional | Adults discharged alive after ACS from a tertiary hospital CCU | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 125 |
Ho PM, 2014 [53] | USA | RCT | Patients with ACS cared for in the VA system | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 253 |
Hoang C, 2011 [54] | USA | Cohort | Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) | Hospital | Adherence | 1081 |
Hudson M, 2006 [55] | Canada | Cohort | Patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of AMI | Hospital | Persistence | 20,239 |
Huynh T, 2018 [56] | Canada | Cohort | Patients who experienced a STEAMI | Hospital | Adherence | 524 |
Jia X, 2019 [57] | USA | Cohort | Patients with ASCVD | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 813,887 |
Khunti K, 2018 [58] | UK | Retrospective cohort study | Patients who received their first statin and/or ezetimibe prescription with documented CVD | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 16,701 |
Kirsch F, 2020 [59] | Germany | Observational | Patients with AMI | Outpatient and inpatient | Adherence | 15,360 |
Kocas C, 2013 [60] | Turkey | RCT | Patients with stable coronary artery disease, hospitalized for catheterization | Hospital | Adherence | 252 |
Korol S, 2022 [61] | Ukraine | Observational | Patients with STEMI from the STIMUL registry | Outpatient clinic | Persistence | Not reported |
Kristiansen O, 2021 [62] | Norway | Cross-sectional | Patients aged 18–80 years experiencing a first or recurrent coronary event | Hospital | Adherence | 373 |
Kulik A, 2011 [63] | USA | Cohort | Patients who were treated with statins after chronic coronary artery disease | Hospital | Adherence | 13,130 |
Lee JK, 2007 [64] | USA | RCT | Patients ≥ 30 years of age with coronary heart disease | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 148 |
Liao YB, 2023 [65] | New Zealand | Cohort | Patients admitted with ACS, treated with an invasive strategy | Hospital | Adherence | 19,942 |
Librero J, 2016 [66] | Spain | Cohort | Patients discharged after hospitalization for CHD | Hospital | Adherence | 7462 |
Lip GYH, 2023 [67] | USA | Cohort | Patients aged 18–90 years with a diagnosis of MI and claims between 2016 and 2021 | Not reported | Adherence | 31,029a |
Maddison R, 2021 [68] | New Zealand | RCT | Adults with recent ACS, clinically, stable and able to read | Hospital | Adherence | 306 |
McGinnis BD, 2009 [69] | USA | Cohort | AMI patients who underwent CABG or PCI | Hospital | Adherence | 2201 |
Mechtouff L, 2018 [70] | France | Observational | Patients ≥ 18 with stroke or TIA | Outpatient setting | Adherence and persistence | 210 |
Navar AM, 2019 [71] | Multicenter (30 countries) | RCT | Patients hospitalized for ACS | Hospital | Persistence | 17,706 |
Padilla López A, 2021 [72] | Spain | Cohort | Patients > 18 years old who had a first episode of STEACS | Hospital | Adherence | 552 |
Park LG, 2014 [73] | USA | RCT | Patients > 21 years of age hospitalized for AMI with or without ST-segment elevation or PCI | Hospital | Adherence | 90 |
Phan DQ, 2019 [74] | USA | Cohort | Patients > 80 years of age hospitalized with AMI (2006–2016) | Hospital | Adherence | 5629 |
Pietrzykowski L, 2020 [75] | Poland | RCT | Adult patients hospitalized for AMI and treated with PCI | Inpatient, outpatient setting | Adherence and persistence | 225 |
Qvist I, 2020 [76] | Denmark | RCT | Men aged 65–74 diagnosed with abdominal aortic aneurysm, peripheral arterial disease, or high blood pressure | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 1446 |
Rana JS, 2021 [77] | USA | Cohort | Patients aged 18–90 hospitalized for ASCVD (IM or ACV) with statin treatment | Hospital | Adherence | 19,604 |
Rasmussen JN, 2007 [78] | Canada | Population-based, observational, longitudinal study | Patients (≥ 66 years) hospitalized with AMI between 1999 and 2003 who filled a prescription for a statin | Hospital | Adherence | 17,823 |
Reddy A, 2016 [79] | USA | RCT | Veterans aged 30–75 years with CHD and poor adherence to statins (MPR < 80%) | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 126 |
Rodríguez F, 2019 [80] | USA | Cohort | Patients aged 18–85 years with established ASCVD | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 487,812 |
Schiele F, 2021 [81] | France | Retrospective cohort study | Patients with MI with an initial LLT prescription in 2011–2013 with no LLT prescription during the 2 years before LLT initiation | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 164,565 |
Schwalm JD, 2020 [82] | Canada | Quasi-experimental | Patients ≥ 65 who have suffered an AMI | Hospital | Adherence and persistence | 20,896 |
Shalev V, 2014 [83] | Israel | Cohort | Patients had a diagnosis of AMI or vascular disease who initiated statin therapy between 1998 and 2008 | Outpatient and inpatient setting | Persistence | 15,139a |
Shau WY, 2019 [84] | Taiwan | Cohort | Patients aged 20–100 years after hospitalization for ASCVD | Hospital | Adherence and persistence | 185,252 |
Simonyi G, 2014 [85] | Hungary | Cross-sectional | Patients with atherosclerotic disease | Outpatient Clinic | Adherence and Persistence | 1519 |
Sjölander M, 2016 [86] | Sweden | Cohort | Patients with ischemic stroke | Hospital | Adherence | 15,192 |
Soldati S, 2021 [87] | Italy | Retrospective follow-up study | Patients discharged from hospitals between 2012 and 2016 with a diagnosis of AMI | Hospital | Adherence | 25,779 |
Souza Groia Veloso R, 2021 [88] | Brazil | Cross-sectional | Patients ≥ 18 years, with a diagnosis of CHD | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 148 |
Stuart B, 2013 [89] | USA | Observational | Medicare beneficiaries post-AMI | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 8900 |
Thompson D, 2021 [90] | UK | RCT sub-study | Patients aged 18–85 years with stable angina | Outpatient clinic (telemedicine) | Adherence | 200 |
Vethe NT, 2019 [91] | Norway | Observational | Patients with CVD | Hospital | Adherence | Method validation: 6; pilot study: 2 |
Vethe NT, 2022 [92] | Norway | Cross-sectional | Adult patients with CHD | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 18 |
Virani SS, 2014 [93] | USA | Cohort | Patients with ≥ 2 outpatient diagnosis codes or 1 inpatient diagnosis code for UA, MI, PCI, or coronary bypass | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 629,005 |
Vitturi BK, 2021 [94] | Brazil | Cohort | Patients > 18 years with a first ischemic stroke | Hospital | Adherence | 344 |
Volpp KG, 2017 [95] | USA | RCT | Patients aged 18–80 years, survivors of AMI | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 1509 |
Wake M, 2019 [96] | Japan | Cohort | Patients > 18 years of age with type 2 diabetes or a previous diagnosis of ASCVD with a diagnosis of hyperlipidemia | Not reported | Adherence and persistence | 18,457a |
Wawruch M, 2017 [97] | Slovakia | Cohort | Persons > 18 years after first diagnosis of TIA | Not reported | Persistence | 797 |
Wei L, 2002 [98] | UK | Cohort | Patients hospitalized for recurrent MI | Hospital | Adherence | 5590 |
Xie G, 2017 [99] | China | Cohort | Patients with ACS with no relapse 6 months after HA | Hospital | Adherence | 12,516 |
Xie G, 2022 [100] | China | Cohort | Patients with ACS hospitalized | Hospital | Persistence | 10,337 |
Yaglioglu H, 2022 [101] | Turkey | Cohort | Patients with a diagnosis of UA, STEACS, or NSTEACS | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 180 |
Yan LL, 2021 [102] | China | RCT | Stroke patients | Outpatient clinic | Adherence | 1299 |
Yao X, 2020 [103] | USA | Retrospective cohort | Adults with ASCVD (CHD, TIA, PAD) | Hospital | Adherence | 284,954 |
Yu G, 2018 [104] | China | Cohort | Patients with CHD | Hospital | Adherence | 615 |