Table 3 Subgroup analysis results of the prevalence of MHS indicators for region and data source
Outcome | Group | Sub-group | No. of studies | Total sample size (average sample size) | Pooled prevalence (95% CI) | Quantifying heterogeneity | Q statistics (p-value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | Groupwise | |||||||
\({\tau }^{2}\left(95\% \text{CI}\right),\) \({I}^{2}(\%)\) | \({\tau }^{2}; {I}^{2}(\%)\) | |||||||
ANC1 | Region | SSA | 47 | 820,905 (17,466) | 83.9 (79.1–87.8) | 1.27 (0.92, 1.89), 99.9 | 1.23, 99.9 | 1.18 (0.277) |
SSEA | 16 | 859,051 (53,691) | 88.3 (80.8–93.1) | 1.37, 99.9 | ||||
Data source | Primary | 33 | 25,186 (763) | 87.5 (83.0–91.0) | 1.23 (0.89, 1.81), 99.9 | 1.27, 100.0 | 2.50 (0.114) | |
Secondary | 33 | 2,180,527 (66,077) | 82.1 (75.7–87.1) | 1.06, 98.8 | ||||
ANC4 | Region | SSA | 66 | 783,066 (15,661) | 47.6 (42.0–53.2) | 0.90 (0.70, 1.22), 99.9 | 0.86, 100.0 | 2.47 (0.116) |
SSEA | 36 | 1,096,344 (47,667) | 61.7 (51.0–71.4) | 0.94, 99.9 | ||||
Data source | Primary | 43 | 30,182 (862) | 50.4 (42.4–58.4) | 0.87 (0.68, 1.17), 100.0 | 1.15, 99.3 | 0.02 (0.892) | |
Secondary | 65 | 2521,007 (61,488) | 51.0 (46.0–56.2) | 0.71, 100.0 | ||||
SBA | Region | SSA | 22 | 372,457 (16,930) | 64.0 (53.3–73.6) | 0.96 (0.63, 1.63), 100.0 | 1.14, 99.9 | 0.76 (0.382) |
SSEA | 15 | 550,381 (36,692) | 70.1 (60.4–78.3) | 0.72, 100.0 | ||||
Data source | Primary | 11 | 7049 (641) | 78.5 (70.2–85.0) | 0.94 (0.64, 1.54), 100.0 | 0.54, 97.6 | 9.72 (0.002) | |
Secondary | 31 | 3,203,477 (103,338) | 60.3 (52.0–68.0) | 0.90, 100.0 | ||||
ID | Region | SSA | 41 | 316,396 (7717) | 68.1 (58.4–76.4) | 1.38 (1.02, 2.18) | 1.85, 99.9 | 0.13 (0.721) |
SSEA | 19 | 136,2006 (71,685) | 66.0 (58.4–72.8) | 0.52, 99.9 | ||||
Data source | Primary | 28 | 24,429 (872) | 68.2 (60.0–75.7) | 1.34 (1.00, 2.09), 100.0 | 0.99, 98.8 | 0.14 (0.712) | |
Secondary | 35 | 2,384,091 (68,117) | 65.9 (55.7–74.8) | 1.68, 100.0 | ||||
PNC | Region | SSA | 20 | 231,964 (11,598) | 46.5 (36.6–56.6) | 0.89 (0.57, 1.56), 100.0 | 0.86, 99.9 | 0.36 (0.549) |
SSEA | 13 | 694,191 (533,399) | 51.6 (38.4–64.7) | 0.98, 100.0 | ||||
Data source | Primary | 13 | 4803 (600) | 44.3 (31.9–57.4) | 0.82 (0.54, 1.40), 100.0 | 0.94, 98.6 | 0.77 (0.380) | |
Secondary | 24 | 758,633 (50,576) | 51.4 (42.6–60.0) | 0.77, 100.0 | ||||