Table 3 Comparison of the effectiveness of SA versus TA and quality of the evidence
Outcomes | Type of intervention (A) + WCT vs WCT | No. of participants (No. of studies) | Effect size, SMD | 95% CI | Quality of the evidence | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total studies | NDS | SA | 1517 (22 RCTs) | −0.96 | −1.27, −0.64 | ⊕ ⊝ ⊝ ⊝ Very Low |
TA | 363 (6 RCTs) | −0.53 | −0.83, −0.23 | ⊕ ⊕ ⊝ ⊝ Low | ||
FMA | SA | 809 (10 RCTs) | 0.94 | 0.47, 1.40 | ⊕ ⊝ ⊝ ⊝ Very Low | |
TA | 245 (4 RCTs) | 0.70 | 0.31, 1.08 | ⊕ ⊝ ⊝ ⊝ Very Low | ||
BI | SA | 273 (4 RCTs) | 1.06 | 0.22, 1.91 | ⊕ ⊝ ⊝ ⊝ Very Low | |
TA | 616 (9 RCTs) | 1.27 | 0.54, 1.99 | ⊕ ⊝ ⊝ ⊝ Very Low | ||
High-quality studiesa | NDS | SA | 747 (12 RCTs) | −0.92 | −1.31, −0.52 | ⊕ ⊕ ⊝ ⊝ Low |
TA | 240 (4 RCTs) | −0.48 | −0.82, −0.13 | ⨁⨁⨁O Moderate | ||
FMA | SA | 318 (3 RCTs) | 0.39 | −0.18, 0.96 | ⊕ ⊕ ⊝ ⊝ Low | |
TA | 205 (3 RCTs) | 0.82 | 0.42, 1.21 | ⨁⨁⨁O Moderate | ||
BI | SA | 153 (2 RCTs) | 1.65 | 0.34, 2.96 | ⊕ ⊝ ⊝ ⊝ Very Low | |
TA | 536 (8 RCTs) | 1.16 | 0.37, 1.94 | ⊕ ⊕ ⊝ ⊝ Low |