Table 2 Assessment of the study quality using GRADE
Outcomes | First Author (year) | Number of studies (sample size) | Interventions | Comparison | Effect (95% CI) | P value | Certainty assessment | Certainty | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Publication bias | ||||||||
Neurological deficit scales | Young (2018) [8] | 4 (302) | SA + WCM | WCM | SMD 0.52 (0.29, 0.75) | <0.0001 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁⨁OO Low |
Zhou (2013)[9] | 3 (196) | SA + WCM | WCM | WMD −2.96 (−4.00, −1.92) | <0.0001 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁⨁OO Low | |
Wang (2012) [11] | 7 (436) | SA + WCM | WCM | MD −3.89 (−5.36, −2.43) | <0.00001 | −1② | −1③ | 0 | −1① | strongly suspected | ⨁OOO Very low | |
Zheng (2011) [6] | 7 (458) | SA + WCM | WCM | WMD −3.57 (−4.92, −2.22) | <0.00001 | 0 | −1③ | 0 | −1① | strongly suspected | ⨁⨁OO Low | |
Lee (2013) [10] | 6 (422) | SA + WCM | WCM | SMD −0.61 (−0.81, −0.40) | <0.00001 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁⨁OO Low | |
Wang (2015) [12] | 2 (144) | SA + WCM | WCM | MD −2.11 (−3.31, 0.91) | 0.0006 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁⨁OO Low | |
Wang (2015) [12] | 8 (691) | SA + HM | SA + HM | MD −5.33 (−6.71, −3.96) | <0.00001 | −1② | −1③ | 0 | 0 | none | ⨁⨁OO Low | |
Motor function | Huang (2021) [7] | 8 (659) | SA + WCM + RH | WCM + RH | MD 11.16 (8.09, 14.23) | < 0.01 | −1② | −2④ | 0 | 0 | strongly suspected | ⨁OOO Very low |
Young (2018) [8] | 2 (129) | SA + BA | BA | SMD 0.33 (−0.04, 0.71) | 0.077 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −2⑤ | none | ⨁OOO Very low | |
Lee (2013) [10] | 2 (150) | SA | RH | MD 1.22 (−1.38, 3.82) | 0.36 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −2⑤ | none | ⨁OOO Very low | |
Lee (2013) [10] | 2 (150) | SA + RH | RH | MD −4.11 (−11.82, 3.60) | 0.30 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −2⑤ | none | ⨁OOO Very low | |
Disability | Lee (2013) [10] | 2 (150) | SA | RH | SMD −0.16 (−0.50, 0.18) | 0.34 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −2⑤ | none | ⨁OOO Very low |
Lee (2013) [10] | 2 (150) | SA + RH | RH | MD 13.41 (11.05, 15.76) | <0.00001 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁⨁OO Low | |
Lee (2013) [10] | 2 (123) | SA + WCM | WCM | SMD 0.78 (0.40, 1.17) | <0.0001 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁⨁OO Low | |
Total Effective Rate | Young (2018) [8] | 3 (272) | SA | BA | RR 1.21 (1.09, 1.31) | 0.0002 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁⨁OO Low |
Zhou (2013) [9] | 5 (549) | SA | BA | RR 1.10 (0.93, 1.28) | 0.26 | −1② | −2④ | 0 | −2⑤ | none | ⨁OOO Very low | |
Wang (2015) [12] | 4 (541) | SA | BA | OR 0.27 (0.14, 0.51） | <0.0001 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁⨁OO Low | |
Young (2018) [8] | 5 (430) | SA + BA | BA | RR 1.12 (1.05, 1.20) | <0.0001 | −1② | −2④ | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁OOO Very low | |
Lee (2013) [10] | 3 (401) | SA | WCM | RR 1.30 (1.19, 1.42) | 0.04 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁⨁OO Low | |
Young (2018) [8] | 4 (363) | SA + WCM | WCM | RR 1.62 (1.40, 1.87) | <0.00001 | −1② | −1③ | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁OOO Very low | |
Zhou (2013) [9] | 5 (650) | SA + WCM | WCM | RR 1.27 (1.06, 1.51) | 0.009 | −1② | −2④ | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁OOO Very low | |
Wang (2012) [11] | 4 (308) | SA + WCM | WCM | RR 1.23 (1.11, 1.37) | 0.0001 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁⨁OO Low | |
Lee (2013) [10] | 3 (243) | SA + WCM | WCM | RR 1.19 (1.05, 1.36) | 0.007 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁⨁OO Low | |
Wang (2015) [12] | 2 (150) | SA + WCM | WCM | OR 0.12 (0.04, 0.32) | <0.0001 | −1② | −1③ | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁OOO Very low | |
Lee (2013) [10] | 2 (130) | SA | RH | RR 1.00 (0.88, 1.13) | 0.96 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −2⑤ | none | ⨁OOO Very low | |
Lee (2013) [10] | 2 (150) | SA + RH | RH | RR 1.12 (1.01, 1.23) | 0.02 | −1② | 0 | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁⨁OO Low | |
Wang (2015) [12] | 4 (340) | SA | HB | OR 0.16 (0.03, 0.97) | 0.05 | −1② | −1③ | 0 | −1① | none | ⨁OOO Very low | |
Wang (2015) [12] | 12 (1,260) | SA + HB | HB | OR 0.20 (0.14, 0.29) | <0.00001 | −1② | 0 | 0 | 0 | none | ⨁⨁⨁O Moderate | |