Table 2 Classification of self-care interventions according to WHO health dimensions

Target health dimension

 Physical health

28 (96.6)

[13, 22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34, 36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49]

 Mental health

11 (37.9)

[27, 31, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 43, 44, 47, 48]

 Social health

9 (31.0)

[23, 28, 31, 33, 35, 36, 43, 46, 48]

Self-care intervention elements

 Physical health

Dietary Modifications

25 (86.2)

[13, 22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34, 36,37,38, 40,41,42,43,44, 46, 48, 49]

Physical activity: diaphragmatic breathing exercise, original gymnastics, and combined exercises with aerobic and resistance exercises

22 (75.9)

[13, 22, 25, 27,28,29,30,31, 33, 34, 36, 38,39,40,41,42,43,44, 47, 48]

SMBG

16 (55.2)

[13, 22,23,24, 27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34, 36, 42, 46, 48]

Medication/insulin therapy (if needed)

12 (41.4)

[13, 22, 23, 28, 30, 32, 33, 36, 41, 42, 46, 48]

Weight management

5 (17.2)

[23,24,25, 28, 45]

Foot care

2 (6.9)

[34, 36]

Postpartum care/management

5 (17.2)

[23, 27, 31, 33, 45]

Mental health

 Stress management

5 (17.2)

[27, 33, 36, 39, 43]

 Psychological counselling

4 (13.8)

[27, 31, 35, 48]

 Mindfulness and relaxation (meditation, breathing exercise)

4 (13.8)

[33, 39, 44, 47]

 Problem-solving

1 (3.4)

[35]

 Unclear

1 (3.4)

[38]

Social health

 Peer support

8 (27.6)

[28, 31, 33, 35, 36, 43, 46, 48]

 Couple support

1 (3.4)

[23]