Table 1 Studies general characteristics
Author | Design County | Virus | Interventions Population | Ventilatory parameters | APACHE-II Score | SOFA score | AGE | PaO2/FiO2 | RR [IC95%] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Asghar 2020 [17] | Prospective cohort Pakistan | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 50 CPAP: 59 | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | - 0.60 [0.45, 0.80] |
2. Bertaina 2020 [18] | Prospective cohort Multicountry | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 106 NIMV: 390 | No data | No data | No data | 67 (57–73) 70 (58–79) | No data | - 0.49 [0.42, 0.58] |
3. Brink 2012 [19] | Prospective cohort Sweden | H1N1 | IMV: 26 CPAP: 67 | FiO2: 90% PEEP: 5 TDV: 8.9 | No data | No data | 52 (38–58) 49 (38–59) | 80 (40–108) 86 (63–116) | - 2.20 [0.70, 6.88] |
4. Garcia 2021 [13] | Prospective cohort Switzerland | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 92 NIMV: 87 NIMV-F: 43 HFNC: 87 HFNC-F: 45 | FiO2: 63% PEEP: 12 TDV: 6.1 FiO2: 41% PEEP: 12 TDV: 6.1 FiO2: 60% | 11 (8–20) 10 (7–16) No data 10 (6–13) No data | 7 (6–8) 6 (4–7) No data 6 (3–7) No data | 62 (55–70) 66 (55–76) No data 63 (55–74) No data | 123 (90–165) 135 (97–168) No data 126 (79–169) No data | - 1.47 [0.94, 2.30] 1.49 [0.88, 2.52] 0.78 [0.45, 1.36] 1.24 [0.71, 2.18] |
5. Masclans 2013 [20] | Prospective cohort Spain | H1N1 | IMV: 312 NIMV: 177 NIMV-F: 105 | No data | 15 (10,–19) 12 (9–16) 14 (10–18.2) | No data | 43 (32–52) 44 (33–53) 44 (32–53) | No data | - 0.66 [0.44, 0.97] 1.11 [0.76, 1.61] |
6. Mellado-Artigas 2021 [49] | Prospective cohort Spain | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV (A): 61 IMV (B): 251 HFNC (A): 61 HFNC-F (A): 21 HFNC (B): 95 | FiO2: 79% O2 L/min: 55 FiO2: 72% | 11 (9–14) 12 (10–14) 10 (9–113) No data 10 (7–13) | 5 [3,–7] 7 [5–8] 4 [4–7] No data 4 [3–5] | 61 (11) 62.3 (10.9) 62 (11) No data 60.6 (12.7) | 117 (51) 121.2 (58.0) 121 (49) No data 122.7 (48.5) | - - 0.69 [0.32, 1.50] 1.34 [0.58, 3.08] 0.34 [0.19, 0.60] |
7. Mukhtar 2020 [21] | Prospective cohort Egypt | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 9 NIMV: 30 | No data | 10 ± 4 11 ± 5.5 | No data | No data | 175 (118–205) 170 (112–224) | - 0.13 [0.04, 0.40] |
8. Polok 2022 [23] | Prospective cohort Multicountry | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 1876 NIMV: 630 | No data | No data | 7 (4–8) 4 (3–6) | 75.1 ± 4.2 76.8 ± 4.9 | No data | - 1.01 [0.92, 1.11] |
9. Rama-Maceiras 2021 [24] | Prospective cohort Spain | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 123 NIV: 214 NIV-F: 110 | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | - 0.46 [0.29, 0.74] 0.90 [0.57, 1.43] |
10. Rello 2012 [25] | Prospective cohort Spain | H1N1 | IMV: 10 HFNC: 20 HFNC-F: 10 | O2 L/min: 25 O2 L/min: 30 | 25 (13–31) 11 (8–14) No data | 8 (4–12) 3 (3–5) No data | 50 (44–56) 37 (29–47) No data | 73 (56–81) 135 (84–210) No data | - 0.75 [0.15, 3.79] 1.50 [0.32, 7.14] |
11. Reyes 2022 [14] | Prospective cohort Multicountry | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 14,197 NIMV: 24,112 NIMV-F: 6749 HFNC: 28,256 HFNC-F: 3538 | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | - 1.03 [1.00, 1.05] 1.30 [1.26, 1.35] 0.91 [0.89, 0.94] 1.13 [1.09, 1.19] |
12. RÃos 2009 [26] | Prospective cohort Argentina | H1N1 | IMV: 129 NIMV: 49 | FiO2: 80% a PEEP: 10 a TDV: 7.8 a PP: 26 a | 19 ± 7 16 ± 6 | No data | 44 ± 15 40 ± 16 | 129 (70 to 173) 141 (92 to 217) | - 0.76 [0.51, 1.12] |
13. RodrÃguez 2017 [15] | Prospective cohort Spain | Influenza | IMV: 1092 NIMV: 806 NIMV-F: 458 | No data | 7 (5–10) 7 (4–9) 4 (3–6) | 7 (5–10) 7 (4–9) 4 (3–6) | 51 (39–62) 58 (47–68) 53 (42–65) | No data | - 0.78 [0.68, 0.91] 1.23 [1.06, 1.42] |
14. Sivaloganathan 2020 [27] | Prospective cohort UK | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 21 NIMV: 82 NIMV-F: 27 | No data | 22 (15–25) 11 (8–12.5) 18 (13.0–24.5) | 6 (4–8) 3 (4–3) 4 (3–6) | 61 (18–65) 50 (45–60) 57 (50–64) | No data | - 0.98 [0.46, 2.10] 0.39 [0.11, 1.38] |
15. Yam 2005 [28] | Prospective cohort China | SARS-CoV1 | IMV: 451 NIMV: 42 | No data | No data | No data | 44 47 | No data | - 0.29 [0.09, 0.86] |
16. Alraddadi 2019 [29] | Retrospective cohort Saudi Arabian | MERS | IMV: 197 NIMV: 105 NIMV-F: 97 | No data | No data | 7 (4–9) 9 (7–12) 7 (4–9) | 58 (45–69) 60 (50–73) 61.0 (52–73) | 106 (68, 166) 110 (62, 160) 103 (62, 160) | - 0.88 [0.75, 1.02] 0.95 [0.82, 1.10] |
17. Baqi 2021 [30] | Retrospective cohort Pakistan | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 57 NIMV: 100 HFNC: 21 | No data | No data | No data | 60 (50–65) | No data | - 0.77 [0.67, 0.89] 0.51 [0.33, 0.81] |
18. Berenguer 2020 [31] | Retrospective cohort Spain | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 619 NIV: 528 | No data | No data | No data | 70 a | No data | - 1.00 [0.88, 1.14] |
19. Castro 2022 [32] | Retrospective cohort Spain | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 101 HFNC: 84 HFNC-F: 52 | No data | No data | No data | 127 ± 55 148 ± 64 No data | 64 ± 14 66 ± 12 No data | - 0.55 [0.36, 0.84] 0.90 [0.49, 1.63] |
20. Domenico 2021 [33] | Retrospective cohort Italy | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 13 CPAP: 90 CPAP-F: 36 | No data | No data | No data | 56.231 ± 3.44 58.444 ± 2.79 No data | 194.09 ± 29.81 247.87 ± 16.73 202.82 ± 16.88 | - 0.69 [0.49, 0.99] 0.61 [0.39, 0.97] |
21. Duca 2020 [34] | Retrospective cohort Italy | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 7 NIMV: 7 CPAP: 71 | No data | No data | No data | 64 (62–72) 72(59–80) 70 (62–79) | 76 (60–177) 87 (53–120) 131 (97—190) | - 0.60 [0.33, 1.08] 0.76 [0.67, 0.87] |
22. Forrest 2021 [35] | Retrospective cohort Germany | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV:154 NIV: 534 | No data | No data | No data | 68 ± 13 67 ± 16 | No data | - 0.38 [0.33, 0.44] |
23. Hernandez 2020 [36] | Retrospective cohort USA | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 97 HFNC: 109 HFNC-F: 78 | No data | No data | No data 7 (5–10) 9 (7–11) | No data 62 (55–73) 65 (56–75) | 148 (111–205) a | - 0.55 [0.36, 0.84] 0.77 [0.51, 1.16] |
24. Hesselle 2022 [37] | Retrospective cohort Germany | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 492 NIV: 87 | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | - 0.95 [0.71, 1.26] |
25. Hua 2020 [38] | Retrospective cohort China | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 113 NIV: 152 | No data | No data | 6.0 ± 3.0 5.5 ± 2.7 | 67 ± 13 71 ± 10 | No data | - 0.44 [0.36, 0.54] |
26. Lee 2020 [39] | Retrospective cohort South Korea | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 23 HFNC: 24 HFNC-F: 16 | No data | 15 (10–17) 11 (8–14) 14 (8–15) | 3 (2–7) 2 (2–4) 3 (2–4) | 72 (64–76) 69 (60–78) 66 (59–77) | 86 (69–123) 144 (70–206) 120 (62–188) | - 0.59 [0.30, 1.15] 0.77 [0.40, 1.50] |
27. Jamil 2021 [40] | Retrospective cohort Pakistan | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 33 CPAP: 28 | No data | No data | No data | 57.06 ± 12.63 53.75 ± 18.10 | No data | - 0.69 [0.45, 1.05] |
28. Myers 2023 [22] | Retrospective cohort USA | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 2965 NIV: 2793 | No data | No data | No data | 60.8 ± 15.3 62.4 ± 12.7 | No data | - 0.32 [0.30, 0.35] |
29. Pasin 2022 [41] | Retrospective cohort USA | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 141 CPAP: 141 CPAP-F: 89 | No data | No data | 4 (3–5) 4 (3–5) | 68 (58–75) 66 (57–73) | 114 (74–195) 120 (83–181) No data | - 0.61 [0.42, 0.89] 0.81 [0.55, 1.19] |
30. Pia 2021 [42] | Retrospective cohort USA | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 91 NIV: 131 NIV-F: 34 | No data | No data | No data | 67 (60–76) 67 (65–82) 69 (58–75) | No data | - 0.90 [0.78, 1.03] 1.02 [0.87, 1.20] |
31. Rizwan 2022 [43] | Retrospective cohort Pakistan | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 30 NIV: 44 | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | - 0.68 [0.53, 0.87] |
32. Rocans 2022 [44] | Retrospective cohort Latvia | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 156 CPAP: 374 CPAP-F: 235 | No data | No data | No data | 63 (62–63) 65 (63–66) 63 (61.0–65.4) | No data | - 0.91 [0.47, 1.09] 3.23 [0.81, 1.02] |
33. Rajdev 2021 [45] | Retrospective cohort USA | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 121 NIV: 232 | TDV: 6.4 (0.5) FiO2: 93% PEEP: 9.28 | No data | No data | No data | No data | - 0.15 [0.05, 0.44] |
34. Wang 2020 [46] | Retrospective cohort China | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 50 NIMV: 91 | No data | No data | No data | 64 (55–70) a | 108 (58–219) 261 (175–287) | - 0.42 [0.26, 0.68] |
35. Zheng 2020 [47] | Retrospective cohort China | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 15 HFNC: 19 | No data | No data | No data | 71 (60, 83) 66 (51, 72) | No data | Not estimable |
36. Hamouri 2021 [48] | Case‒Control Jordan | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 112 CPAP: 127 | TDV: 6.18 PP: 29 PEEP: 16 | No data | No data | 67.7 ± 14.4 64.7 ± 12.8 | No data | - Not estimable |
37. Woo 2020 [50] | On trial – withdraw USA | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: no data SV: no data | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data |
38. Keith 2020 [51] | On trial – not recruiting USA | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: no data NIV: no data | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data |
39. Buddharaju 2021 [52] | Abstract congress USA | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 35 NIMV: 23 | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | - 0.38 [0.14, 0.99] |
40. Chowdhury 2021 [53] | Abstract congress USA | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 49 HFNC: 125 | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | - 0.55 [0.30, 0.84] |
41. Chang 2022 [54] | Abstract congress USA | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 235 NIV: 398 | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | - 0.65 [0.51, 0.83] |
42. Eswarappa 2021 [55] | Abstract congress UK | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 80 CPAP: 215 CPAP-F: 31 | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | - 0.72 [0.54, 0.97] 1.36 [0.96, 1.92] |
43. Flaatten 2021 [56] | Abstract congress Norway | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 1777 NIV: 690 NIV-F: 331 | No data | 18.7 7.2 17 | 6.8 4.3 5.6 | 75.4 77.3 75.6 | No data | - 1.66 [1.55, 1.78] 0.77 [0.65, 0.91] |
44. Iftikhar 2021 [57] | Abstract congress UK | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 34 CPAP: 95 CPAP-F: 24 | No data | No data | No data | 58.8 ± 13.2 61.7 ± 11.5 56 ± 12.8 | No data | - 0.86 [0.49, 1.39] 1.98 [0.50, 1.92] |
45. Mourisco 2022 [58] | Abstract congress Portugal | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 47 NIV: 102 | No data | No data | No data | 70 ± 15 65 ± 15 | 99 ± 52 104 ± 66 | - 0.89 [0.50, 1.57] |
46. Napolitani 2021 [59] | Abstract congress Italy | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 44 CPAP: 22 | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | - 0.85 [0.52, 1.37] |
47. Yamamoto 2022 [60] | Abstract congress Japan | SARS-CoV-2 | IMV: 1139 NIMV: 248 HFNC: 1072 | No data | No data | No data | No data | No data | - 0.44 [0.30, 0.64] 0.28 [0.22, 0.36] |