Table 4 Summary of findings table—GRADE assessment. Question: What is the effect of exercise training on cardiac autonomic function (cardiac autonomic reflex test variables) in type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Certainty assessment | № of patients | Effect | Certainty | Importance | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of studies | Study design | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other considerations | Exercise | Control | Absolute (95% CI) | ||
E:I ratio (assessed with cardiac autonomic reflex tests) | |||||||||||
2 | Non-randomized studies | Seriousa | Seriousb | Not serious | Seriousc | All plausible residual confounding would reduce the demonstrated effect | 49 | 48 | MD 0.01 higher (0.07 lower to 0.09 higher) | ⨁⨁◯◯ Low | Important |
Valsalva ratio (assessed with cardiac autonomic reflex tests) | |||||||||||
2 | Non-randomized studies | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Seriousc,d | All plausible residual confounding would reduce the demonstrated effect | 49 | 48 | MD 0.1 lower (0.23 lower to 0.03 higher) | ⨁⨁⨁◯ Moderate | Important |
30:15 ratio (assessed with cardiac autonomic reflex tests) | |||||||||||
2 | non-randomized studies | Seriousa | Seriousb | Not serious | Seriousc,d | All plausible residual confounding would reduce the demonstrated effect | 49 | 48 | MD 0.01 lower (0.09 lower to 0.07 higher) | ⨁⨁◯◯ Low | Important |
E: I ratio (follow-up: mean 12 weeks; assessed with: cardiac autonomic reflex tests) | |||||||||||
1 | Randomized trial | Not serious | Not serious | Seriouse | Seriouse | None | 28 | 28 | MD 0 (− 5.59 lower to 5.59 higher) | ⨁⨁◯◯ Lowe,f | Important |
Valsalva ratio (follow-up: mean 12 weeks; assessed with cardiac autonomic reflex tests) | |||||||||||
1 | Randomized trial | Not serious | Not serious | Seriouse | Seriouse | None | 28 | 28 | MD 0.36 higher (0.1 higher to 0.62 higher) | ⨁⨁◯◯ Lowe,f | Important |
30:15 ratio (follow-up: mean 12 weeks; assessed with cardiac autonomic reflex tests) | |||||||||||
1 | Randomized trial | Not serious | Not serious | Seriouse | Seriouse | None | 28 | 28 | MD 0.24 higher (0.01 lower to 0.49 higher) | ⨁⨁◯◯ Lowe,f | Important |