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Table 2 Summary of results according to GRADE

From: Epicutaneous immunotherapy for food allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Outcome

Sample size

Risk radio (95% CI)

Absolute effect (95% CI)

Certainty of the evidence

Desensitization

1120 (7 RCTs)

2.11 (1.72–2.58)

Two-hundred thirty-eight more per 1000 (154 more to 339 more)

High

Local adverse reaction

1393 (7 RCTs)

1.63 (1.10–2.41)

One-hundred forty-seven more per 1000 (23 more to 330)

Lowa

Systemic adverse reaction

1305 (6 RCTs)

1.52 (1.01–2.28)

Twenty-six more per 1000 (0 fewer to 63 more)

High

Epinephrine utilization

1150 (5 RCTs)

1.62 (0.86–3.04)

Twenty-one more per 1000 (5 fewer to 71 more)

Moderatec

Topical medication utilization

873 (4 RCTs)

1.39 (1.13–1.71)

One-hundred fifty-four more per 1000 (51 more to 281 more)

High

Serious adverse reaction

1544 (8 RCTs)

1.10 (0.45–2.67)

Three more per 1000 (15 fewer to 45 more)

Lowc,d

Respiratory/ENT

757 (4 RCTs)

0.96 (0.79–1.15)

Eleven fewer per 1000 (58 fewer to 42 more)

Moderatec

Gastrointestinal disorders

400 (3 RCTs)

1.19 (0.76–1.86)

Seventy-one more per 1000 (90 fewer to 322 more)

Moderatec

Eye disorders

739 (3 RCTs)

1.02 (0.57–1.81)

One more per 1000 (27 fewer to 50 more)

Moderatec

Immune system disorders

719 (2 RCTs)

2.13 (0.78–5.81)

One-hundred twenty-four more per 1000 (24 fewer to 530 more)

Moderatec

Psychiatric disorders

377 (2 RCTs)

0.76 (0.24–2.44)

Six fewer per 1000 (19 fewer to 35 more)

Moderatec

  1. ENT ear, nose, and throat, CI Confidence interval. Explanations: aDue to high heterogeneity, it was downgraded by two grades. bDue to moderate heterogeneity, it was downgraded by one grade. cDue to the fact that confidence intervals do not exclude the possibility of no effect, it was downgraded by one grade. dDue to the scatter of the point estimates, it was downgraded by one grade