Efficacy and safety of supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation to minimize sedation-related hypoxemia: a meta-analysis with GRADE approach

Table 1 Characteristics of 12 randomized controlled studies (n = 3058)

Studies	RCT design	Age (years)^⁋	BMI (kg/m²)	Male (%)^a	N	ASA	Sedation level	Sedation agents	SJOV setting (DP)^b	Control setting (device/flow)	Procedure	Country
Fu 2023	2-arm	45/44	22/22	4846/	100	I–III	Deep sedation	Pro/re	18–20 psi	NPA 6 L/min	ERCP	China
Jiang 2022	2-arm	49/50	24/ 23	50/53	72	I–III	OAA/S: 1–2	Pro	15 psi	NC 2 L/min	GI endoscopy	China
Li 2019	2-arm	73/73	19/19	63/60	60	I–II	BIS < 60	Pro/Suf	35–45 psi	NC 5L/min	FB	China
Liang 2019 (1)	2-arm	45/43	24/23	0	120	I–II	BIS: 45–60	pro/re	14.5–43.5 psi	Mask 6 L/min	Hysteroscopy	China
Liang 2019 (2)	3-arm	44/45/44	33/33/33	0	100	I–II	BIS: 45–60	pro/re	14.5 psi	Mask 6 L/min WNJ 6 L/min	Hysteroscopy	China
Qin 2017	3-arm	47/46/48	23/23/23	47/45/46	1781	I–III	OAA/S: 2–3	pro	15 psi	NC 2 L/min, WNJ 2 L/min	GI endoscopy	China
Su 2024	3-arm	56/56/56	23/23/22	45/48/39	167	I–III	BIS 45–60	pro/re/dex	15 psi	NPA 4–6 L/min WNJ 4–6 L/min	ERCP	China
Wei 2024	3-arm	59/59/62	24/23/23	57/50/61	132	I–III	MOAA/S: 1–2	pro/re	15 psi	NC 4 L/min WNJ 4 L/min	FB	China
Wu 2020	2-arm	44/44	na	48/44	100	I–III	Deep sedation	pro	15 psi	NC 6L/min	gastroscopy	China
Yang 2023	2-arm	51/51	23/22	66/64	105	I–III	RSS score: 4–5	pro/re	14.5 psi	Mask	FB	China
Yang 2016	2-arm	41/43	22/22	36/13	49	I–II	MAC	Pro/fe	15 psi^c	NC 6 L/min	Colonoscopy	China
Zha 2021	2-arm	52/53	21/21	77/77	272	I–III	MOAA/S 2–3	pro/re	15 psi	NC 4 L/min	FB	China

ASA Anesthesiologists physical status classification system, BIS Bispectral index, BMI Body mass index, dex dexmedetomidine, DP Driving pressure, ERCP Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, fe fentanyl, FB Flexible bronchoscopy, GI Gastrointestinal, MAC Monitored anesthesia care, MOAA/S Modified Observer Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale, na not available, NC Nasal cannula, NPA nasopharyngeal airway, OAA/S Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation, pro Propofol, RCT Randomized controlled trial, re remifentanil, RSS Ramsay sedation scale, SJOV Supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation, suf sufentanil, WNJ Wei nasal jet tube
^apresented as intervention/control groups
^bfrequency: 8–20 min, FiO₂ = 1
^cCook tube exchanger used

ISSN: 2046-4053