Table 2 Characteristics of included studies
Study ID | Study design | Country, setting | Analyzed participants | Time point | Prognostic factors/factors adjusted for | Outcomes | Type of multivariable regression |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carducci 2019a [20] | Prospective cohort | USA, New England Baptist Hospital, single surgeon | 137 RSA patients with DJD, RCA or RCT, 2013–2016 | Mean 29 months (± 8) | • RCA/RCT/DJD diagnosis • Preoperative ASES score • Opioid use • Previous shoulder surgery | • Poor ASES score • Bottom 30th percentile • Poor ASES improvement • Bottom 30th percentile | Logistic |
Chang 2022 [21] | Retrospective cohort | USA + Canada, orthopedic departments, 25 surgeons in 23 centers | 227 stemless TSA patients with GH arthritis (KL ≥ 3), recruitment period unknown | Min. 2 years | • Gender • Age • Preoperative ASES score | • Improved ASES score • No further definition | Logistic |
Chawla 2022 [22] | Retrospective cohort | USA, University of Washington Medical Center, 3 surgeons | 33 RSA patients and 39 CTA-H patients diagnosed with CTA, 2010–2013 | Mean 2.2 years (± 0.3) | • Medicare/WC/Commercial insurance • Preoperative SST score (for CTA-H group only) | • SST raw score | Linear |
Cho 2017 [23] | Prospective cohort | USA, Massachusetts General Hospital, single surgeon | 46 TSA patients with GH arthritis, 2013–2015 | 1 year | • Gender • Age • HADS anxiety • HADS depression • Duration of symptoms • Involved side | • ASES raw score • SSV raw score • VAS pain raw score (0–10) | Linear |
Dekker 2022 [24] | Retrospective cohort | USA, Steadman Philippon Research Institute, single surgeon | 168 TSA patients with mostly primary OA, 2006–2016 | Mean 4.6 years (2–12 years) | • Gender • Age • Glenoid retroversion • Glenoid inclination • Walch classification • Preoperative ASES score • Preoperative SANE score • Preoperative QuickDASH score • Subluxation | • ASES raw score • SANE raw score • QuickDASH raw score | Linear |
Edwards 2020 [25] | Retrospective cohort | UK, Southmead Hospital, single surgeon | 32 TSA patients with GH arthritis, 2006–2011 | Mean 67 months (49–94 months) | • Fatty infiltration • Atrophy • Tendinopathy grade • Age • Gender | • OSS raw score • QuickDASH raw score | Linear |
Fehringer 2002 [26] | Retrospective cohort | USA, University of Washington, single surgeon | 102 TSA patients with GH arthritis, 1993–1997 | 30–60 months | • Preoperative SST score • Age • Gender | • SST raw score • SST change score • Change in no. of functions that could be performed expressed as percentage of no. that could not be performed before surgery • Change in ability to perform each of SST functions | General linear model analysis of variance |
Forlizzi 2022a [27] | Retrospective cohort | USA, New England Baptist Hospital, single surgeon | 162 RSA patients with mostly OA or CTA, 2015–2018 | Mean 28.3 months (± 8.1) | • OA/CTA/other diagnosis • Private/Medicaid/Medicare insurance • No. of patient-reported allergies • Depression • Previous surgery • Preoperative ASES score • Preoperative opioid use | • ASES top vs bottom quartile | Logistic |
Franovic 2020 [28] | Retrospective cohort | USA, Henry Ford Health System, single surgeon | 73 RSA patients with CTA, recruitment period unknown | Mean 9.6 months (± 5.0) | • Preoperative PROMIS-UE score • Preoperative PROMIS-PI score • Preoperative PROMIS-D score • Age • Gender • BMI • ASA | • MCID PROMIS-UE • MCID PROMIS-PI • MCID PROMIS-D | Logistic |
Friedman 2018 [29] | Retrospective cohort | USA, University of Florida and NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, 13 surgeons | 660 RSA patients with CTA or OA with RC tear, 2007–2014 | Variable time points (range < 3–96 months) | • Gender • Age | • ASES change score • SST change score • SPADI change score | Linear mixed model |
Green 2020 [30] | Retrospective cohort | USA, Brown University, single surgeon | 176 TSA patients with advanced OA, recruitment period unknown | 2 years | • Mean preoperative expectation score • Gender • Age • Dominant side • College education • Work status • Comorbidities • Depression/anxiety • Preoperative DASH score • Preoperative SST score • Preoperative VAS pain | • DASH raw score • DASH change score • SST raw score • SST change score • VAS pain score • VAS pain change | Linear |
Huber 2020 [31] | Retrospective cohort | International, 5 clinics specialized in shoulder surgery (3 in Germany, 2 in France, 1 in Switzerland) | 168 RSA patients with cuff arthropathy, recruitment period unknown | 2 years | • Hamada grade • Age • Gender • Dominant side • ASA score | • ASES TE | Linear |
Kadum 2018b [32] | Prospective cohort | Sweden, Sundsvall Teaching Hospital, 2 surgeons | 63 TSA patients with OA, 2014–2016 | 1 year | • Gender • Age • Preoperative electrical pain threshold (operative side and contralateral side) • Preoperative pain at rest • Preoperative pain on exertion • Preoperative QuickDASH score | • QuickDASH raw score | Linear |
Kohan 2020 [33] | Retrospective cohort | USA, Washington University, 4 surgeons | 111 TSA patients with OA, 2015–2017 | Mean 20.5 months (12–29 months) | • Glenoid concentricity • Anxiety • Depression • Gender • Age • CCI • Smoking status • Dominant side | • ASES raw score • WOOS raw score • Pain on 0–10 scale • PROMIS-UE raw score • PROMIS-PF score • PROMIS-PI score | Linear |
Lansdown 2021e [34] | Prospective cohort | USA, University of California, 4 surgeons | 491 TSA/RSA/HA patients with mostly OA/CTA, 2012–2017 | Min. 2 years | • Age • BMI • Gender • CCI • Private/Medicare/Medicaid insurance • Zip code-based income | • ASES raw score | Linear |
Lapner 2015 [35] | Retrospective cohort | Canada, multicenter | 62 TSA patients with OA, 2006–2009 | 1 year | • Preoperative SSP FI • Preoperative SSP occupation area • Preoperative SSP atrophy grade • Preoperative ISP FI • Preoperative ISP atrophy grade • Age • Gender • Hand dominance • Preoperative SSP strength • RA vs OA | • ASES raw score • WOOS raw score | Linear |
Matsen 2019 [36] | Retrospective cohort | International, multicenter (11 centers) | 691 TSA patients with OA, 2000–2016 | 1 year and 2 years | • Gender • Preoperative glenoid version (continuous) • Preoperative glenoid anteversion/retroversion/ • neutral version • Previous surgery • Gender • Age • Walch classification • Preoperative ASES score • Preoperative SST100 score | • ASES raw score • ASES %MPI • SST100 raw score • SST100%MPI | Linear |
McFarland 2021 [37] | Retrospective cohort | USA, Johns Hopkins University, single surgeon | 44 RSA patients, 2009–2016 | Mean 34 months (24–62 months (SSDI group)), mean 36 months (24–96 months (WC group)) | • 2 or more previous surgeries • Age • Gender • Dominant side • College education • Marital status • Smoking • BMI • Comorbidities • Level of activity at work | • Poor ASES score (cut-point unknown) | Logistic |
Moverman 2021a | Retrospective cohort | USA, New England Baptist Hospital, single surgeon | 480 TSA/RSA patients with DJD/RCA, 2015–2018 | 2 years | • Presence of functional somatic disorder • No. of patient-reported allergies • Gender • Anxiety • Chronic preoperative opioid use • Diagnosis • Preoperative ASES score • Preoperative SANE score • Preoperative VAS score | • ASES raw score • SANE raw score • VAS pain raw score | Linear |
Okoroha 2019d [39] | Retrospective cohort | International, multicenter (3 in USA, 1 in France) | 2364 TSA/RSA patients with mostly OA/RCT/RCA, 2007–2015 | Mean 45.9 months (± 23.7 (women)), 46.4 months (± 23.6 (men)) | • Gender • Age • BMI • History of surgery • Diagnosis | • ASES raw score • SST raw score | Linear |
Patel 2019d [40] | Retrospective cohort | International, multicenter (3 in USA, 1 in France) | 1135 TSA patients with OA, 2006–2015 | Mean 4.2 years (± 2.3 (age < 55)), 4.3 years (± 2.4 (age > 55)) | • Age • Gender • BMI • Previous surgery • Diagnosis | • ASES raw score • ASES change score • SST raw score • SST change score • SPADI raw score • SPADI change score • VAS pain raw score • VAS pain change score | Linear |
Pettit 2022a [41] | Retrospective cohort | USA, New England Baptist Hospital, single surgeon | 197 RSA patients with OA, 2015–2018 | Mean 28 months (± 7.6) | • Age • Gender • Previous shoulder surgery • Preoperative ASES score • Walch classification | • ASES raw score | Linear |
Polce 2021 [42] | Retrospective cohort | USA, Rush University, 5 surgeons | 105 RSA patients with OA/CTA/mRCT, 2016–2018 | Min. 2 years | • Gender • WC/other insurance • Diabetes mellitus • Dominant side | • ASES %MOI • SANE %MOI | Logistic |
Rauck 2018c [43] | Retrospective cohort | USA, Hospital for Special Surgery, multiple surgeons | 137 RSA patients with mostly OA/CTA, 2008–2015 | 2 years | • Total no. of preoperative expectations • Expectation “Relieving nighttime pain” • Expectation “Improving nonoverhead sports” • Age • Gender • SF-36 subscales • Preoperative VAS pain score • Preoperative VAS fatigue score • Preoperative VAS general health score | • ASES raw score • SAS raw score • VAS pain raw score • VAS pain change score | Linear |
Saini 2022a [44] | Retrospective cohort | USA, New England Baptist Hospital, single surgeon | 311 RSA patients with OA/CTA, 2015–2018 | Mean 28.1 months (± 7.6 (OA)), 27.6 months (± 7.3 (CTA)) | • Age • Gender • Previous surgery • Preoperative ASES score • Diagnosis | • ASES raw score | Linear |
Sayed-Noor 2018b [45] | Prospective cohort | Sweden, Sundsvall Teaching Hospital | 63 TSA patients with OA, 2014–2016 | 3 months 1 year | • Gender • Age • Preoperative SSP FI • Preoperative SSP atrophy • Preoperative ISP FI • Preoperative ISP atrophy • Preoperative QuickDASH score | • QuickDASH raw score | Linear |
Shields 2017 [46] | Retrospective cohort | USA, Beaumont Health, single surgeon | 272 RSA patients with CTA/OARCT/mRCT, 2007–2014 | Mean 25 months (± 13 (Previous RCR)) Mean 26 months (± 13 (Control)) | • Previous RCR • Age • Gender • BMI | • ASES raw score • ASES change score • ASES ADL raw score • ASES ADL change score • SSV raw score • SSV change score • VAS pain raw score • VAS pain change score | Linear |
Somerson 2016 [47] | Retrospective cohort | USA, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, 2 surgeons | 42 HA patients with CTA, 1991–2007 | Mean 48 months (24–132 months) | • Preoperative active external rotation • Preoperative SST score • Preoperative VAS pain score • Tear limited to SSP and ISP | • 30% of MPI in SST score | Logistic |
Strotman 2020 [48] | Retrospective cohort | USA, Loyola University Medical Center | 91 TSA/RSA patients with mostly OA/CTA, 2013–2016 | Min. 1 year | • Private/Medicare/WC/Medicaid insurance • Preoperative ASES score | • ASES raw score • VAS pain raw score | Linear mixed model |
Swarup 2017c [49] | Retrospective cohort | USA, Hospital for Special Surgery, multiple surgeons | 67 TSA patients with OA, 2007–2008 | 2 years | • No. of “Very important expectations” • Age • Gender • Preoperative VAS pain score • Preoperative VAS general health score • SF-36 subscales | • ASES raw score • ASES change score • VAS pain raw score • VAS pain change score | Linear |
Werner 2016c [50] | Retrospective cohort | USA, Hospital for Special Surgery | 490 TSA/RSA patients with GH arthritis/CTA, 2007–2013 | 2 years | • Preoperative ASES score • Living alone • Comorbidity back pain • Diagnosis | • MCID ASES score • SCB ASES score | Logistic |
Werner 2017c [51] | Retrospective cohort | USA, Hospital for Special Surgery | 264 TSA patients with GH arthritis, 2007–2013 | 2 years | • Depression • Age • Gender • ASA • Previous surgery • Subscapularis management • RC status • Total no. of comorbidities • BMI • Preoperative ASES score | • ASES change score | Linear |
Wong 2017e [52] | Prospective cohort | USA, University of California, 3 surgeons | 117 RSA patients with RCA/OARCT, 2009–2015 | Min. 1 year | • Gender • BMI • Age • CCI • Dominant side • Smoking | • ASES function raw score • ASES pain raw score • ASES raw score • VAS pain raw score | Linear |