Table 3 Search strategy

APA Psycinfo (Via EBSCO)

S1

(TI (green OR nature OR forest OR outdoor OR wilderness) N3 (time OR space* OR exposure OR area* OR playground* OR environment* OR exercise* OR based OR play* OR school* OR experience* OR therap* OR bathing OR learning OR education OR immersion OR connectedness)) OR (AB (green OR nature OR forest OR outdoor OR wilderness) N3 (time OR space* OR exposure OR area* OR playground* OR environment* OR exercise* OR based OR play* OR school* OR experience* OR therap* OR bathing OR learning OR education OR immersion OR connectedness))

S2

TI greenspace* OR AB greenspace* OR TI "blue space*” OR AB “blue space*” OR TI “shinrin yoku” OR AB “shinrin yoku” OR TI “eco-therap*" OR AB “eco-therap*”

S3

S1 OR S2

S4

(TI(screen OR screens OR “electronic device*” OR computer* OR hand-held OR media OR tablet* OR mobile-device* OR mobile-phone* OR television* OR I-pad* OR iPad* OR touch-pad* OR touchpad* OR cell-phone* OR smart-phone* OR smartphone* OR I-phone* OR iPhone*) N3 (use OR exposure OR time OR behavio#r* OR addict*)) OR (AB(screen OR screens OR “electronic device*” OR computer* OR hand-held OR media OR tablet* OR mobile-device* OR mobile-phone* OR television* OR I-pad* OR iPad* OR touch-pad* OR touchpad* OR cell-phone* OR smart-phone* OR smartphone* OR I-phone* OR iPhone*) N3 (use OR exposure OR time OR behavio#r* OR addict*))

S5

DE “digital gaming” OR DE “screen time” OR DE “smartphone use”

S6

S4 OR S5

S7

(TI (family OR families OR parent* OR mother* OR father* OR “parent-child” OR carer OR caregiver* OR guardian* OR mum* OR mom* OR dad* OR childrearing OR “child rearing” OR maternal OR paternal)) OR (AB (family OR families OR parent* OR mother* OR father* OR “parent-child” OR carer OR caregiver* OR guardian* OR mum* OR mom* OR dad* OR childrearing OR “child rearing” OR maternal OR paternal))

S8

DE "Family" OR DE "Family Relations" OR DE "Family and Parenting Measures" OR DE "Family Conflict" OR DE "Family Relations" OR DE "Child Discipline" OR DE "Childrearing Practices" OR DE "Parent Child Relations" OR DE "Parental Role" OR DE "Parent Child Communication" OR DE "Parental Attitudes" OR DE "Parent Report" OR DE "Parental Attitudes" OR DE "Parental Expectations" OR DE "Parental Characteristics" OR DE "Parental Role" OR DE "Parenting Style" OR DE "Parental Involvement" OR DE “family therapy” OR DE “family intervention” OR DE “mother-child relations” OR DE “father-child relations”

S9

S7 OR S8

S10

S3 AND S6 AND S9

Limiters:

Peer reviewed

2012-2023

MEDLINE complete (Via EBSCO)

Search strategy as above in APA Psycinfo (Via EBSCO)

Add into subject headings:

(MH "Screen Time") OR (MH "Computers, Handheld + ") OR (MH "Smartphone") OR (MH "Internet Addiction Disorder") OR (MH "Technology Addiction + ") OR (MH "Internet Use") OR (MH "Television + ") OR (MH "Video Games + ") OR (MH "Digital Technology")

(MH "Family Relations + ") OR (MH "Parent-Child Relations + ") OR (MH "Maternal Behavior + ") OR (MH "Paternal Behavior") OR (MH "Parents + ") OR (MH "Parenting") OR (MH "Family + ") OR (MH "Family Conflict") OR (MH "Family Characteristics + ") OR (MH "Family Health") OR (MH "Child Rearing + ") OR (MH "Mother-Child Relations + ") OR (MH "Mothers + ") OR (MH "Father-Child Relations") OR (MH "Fathers + ")

ERIC (Via EBSCO)

Search strategy as above in APA Psycinfo (Via EBSCO)

Add into subject headings:

DE "Outdoor Education"

DE "Handheld Devices" OR DE "Computers" OR DE "Computer Games" OR DE "Computer Use" OR DE "Internet" OR DE "Laptop Computers" OR DE "Television" OR DE "Television Viewing" OR DE "Video Games"

DE "Family (Sociological Unit)" OR DE "Parents" OR DE "Family Attitudes" DE "Caregiver Child Relationship" OR DE "Family Life" OR DE "Parent Child Relationship" OR DE "Parenting Skills" OR DE "Parenting Styles" OR “child rearing”

EMBASE

S1:

((green OR nature OR forest OR outdoor OR wilderness) NEXT/3 (time OR space* OR exposure OR area* OR playground* OR environment* OR exercise* OR based OR play* OR school* OR experience* OR therap* OR bathing OR learning OR education OR immersion OR connectedness)):ti,ab

S2:

greenspace* OR 'blue space*' OR 'shinrin yoku' OR 'eco-therap*':ti,ab

S3:

'green space'/exp OR 'forest bathing'/exp

S4:

#1 OR #2 OR #3

S5:

((screen OR screens OR 'electronic device*' OR computer* OR 'hand held' OR media OR tablet* OR 'mobile device*' OR 'mobile phone*' OR television* OR 'i pad*' OR ipad* OR 'touch pad*' OR touchpad* OR 'cell phone*' OR 'smart phone*' OR smartphone* OR 'i phone*' OR iphone*) NEAR/3 (use OR exposure OR time OR behavio?r* OR addict*)):ti,ab

S6:

'screen time'/de OR 'computer addiction'/exp

S7:

#5 OR #6

S8:

family OR families OR parent* OR mother* OR father* OR 'parent-child' OR carer* OR caregiver* OR guardian* OR mum* OR mom* OR dad* OR childrearing OR 'child rearing' OR maternal OR paternal:ti,ab

S9:

'child parent relation'/exp OR 'parental behavior'/exp OR 'family dynamics'/exp

S10:

#8 OR #9

S11:

#4 AND #7 AND #10

• Do not have mapping options selected (use field codes instead)

CENTRAL (Cochrane)

S1:

((green OR nature OR forest OR outdoor OR wilderness) NEXT/3 (time OR space* OR exposure OR area* OR playground* OR environment* OR exercise* OR based OR play* OR school* OR experience* OR therap* OR bathing OR learning OR education OR immersion OR connectedness)):ti,ab

S2:

(greenspace*) OR (blue NEXT space*) OR (shinrin NEXT yoku) OR (eco-therap*):ti,ab

S3:

#1 OR #2

S4:

((screen OR screens OR 'electronic device*' OR computer* OR 'hand held' OR media OR tablet* OR 'mobile device*' OR 'mobile phone*' OR television* OR 'i pad*' OR ipad* OR 'touch pad*' OR touchpad* OR 'cell phone*' OR 'smart phone*' OR smartphone* OR 'i phone*' OR iphone*) NEAR/3 (use OR exposure OR time OR behavio?r* OR addict*)):ti,ab

S5:

Mesh Headings

S6:

#4 OR # 5

S7:

(family OR families OR parent* OR mother* OR father* OR "parent-child" OR carer* OR caregiver* OR guardian* OR mum* OR mom* OR dad* OR childrearing OR "child rearing" OR maternal OR paternal):ti,ab

S8:

Mesh Headings

S9:

#7 OR #8

S10:

#3 AND #6 AND #9

Use Medline MESH terms

(MH "Screen Time") OR (MH "Computers, Handheld + ") OR (MH "Smartphone") OR (MH "Internet Addiction Disorder") OR (MH "Technology Addiction + ") OR (MH "Internet Use") OR (MH "Television + ") OR (MH "Video Games + ") OR (MH "Digital Technology")

(MH "Family Relations + ") OR (MH "Parent–Child Relations + ") OR (MH "Maternal Behavior + ") OR (MH "Paternal Behavior") OR (MH "Parents + ") OR (MH "Parenting") OR (MH "Family + ") OR (MH "Family Conflict") OR (MH "Family Characteristics + ") OR (MH "Family Health") OR (MH "Child Rearing + ") OR (MH "Mother-Child Relations + ") OR (MH "Mothers + ") OR (MH "Father-Child Relations") OR (MH "Fathers + ")