Table 3 Subgroup analysis of antimicrobial prescription rates
Subgroup | Categories | No. of studies | No. of examined | No. of antimicrobials prescribed | Pooled proportion % (95%CI) | 2%(p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study area or Region | Africa | 2 | 25,187 | 10,429 | 79 (0.48–0.94) | 98.2 (< 0.01) |
Asia | 15 | 2,683,004 | 1,327,668 | 70(0.59–0.79) | 99.9 (< 0.001) | |
Europe | 7 | 2,521,485 | 1,190,181 | 47(0.32–0.62) | 99.72 (< 0.001) | |
North America | 4 | 2,482,529 |  | 72(0.55–0.84) | 99.75(< 0.01) | |
Study period | 2000–2009 | 8 | 40,425 | 20,067 | 57(0.45–0.68) | 99.89 (< 0.001) |
2010–2019 | 19 | 2,643,458 | 1,308,057 | 67 (0.55–0.77) | 99.9 (< 0.001) | |
2020–2023 | 3 | 1166 | 860 | 77(0.60–0.88) | 94.93 (< 0.01) | |
Data source | Questionnaire survey | 8 | 36,816 | 18,891 | 57 (0.39–0.74) | 99.9 (< 0.001) |
Medical records | 17 | 2,414,273 | 1,138,651 | 70 (0.59–0.79) | 99.9 (< 0.001) | |
Prescription audit | 5 | 233,960 | 171,441 | 63 (0.52–0.73) | 99 (< 0.001) | |
Unit of analysis | Patients | 11 | 38,799 | 19,878 | 60 (0.44–0.74) | 99.8 (< 0.001) |
Prescription | 19 | 2,646,250 | 1,309,106 | 69 (0.59–0.77) | 99.9 (< 0.001) | |
Age group | Children | 5 | 9,870 | 7671 | 74 (0.51–0.89) | 99.4 (< 0.01) |
Adults | 4 | 1,946,142 | 820,299 | 69 (0.44–0.86) | 99.9 (< 0.00) | |
All | 21 | 729,037 | 501,013 | 63 (0.53–0.72) | 99.9 (< 0.001) |