Table 3 Inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria

Human research studies

Studies with non-human animals

Cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, randomized controlled trials

Case–control studies

Studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa

Studies conducted outside of sub-Saharan Africa

Studies on filoviruses that have previously been shown to infect humans (including orthoebolaviruses [EBOV, SUDV, TAFV, BDBV, RESTV] and orthomarburgviruses [MARV, RAVV]

Studies on filoviruses that have not caused human infection (i.e., Bombali ebolavirus and filoviruses other than orthoebolaviruses and orthomarburgviruses)

Studies from all dates until the end of the search (March 13, 2024)

Studies published after March 13, 2024

All assays for diagnosis, including RT-PCR, ELISA, or any other laboratory assay measuring antibody or filovirus antigen

Individuals of all ages

Individuals of all occupations and exposure statuses