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Table 6 Risk of bias for the included SRs/MAs

From: Evaluation of traditional Chinese exercise for knee osteoarthritis (KOA): an overview of systematic reviews

Authors, year

Phase 2

Phase 3

Overall quality

Domain 1

Domain 2

Domain 3

Domain 4

Q1

Q2

Q3

George A Kelley 2022 [22]

x

x

x

N

Y

Y

High

Jiale Guo 2022 [23]

x

x

N

Y

Y

High

Jun-Hong Yan 2013 [24]

?

x

N

Y

Y

High

Lidong Hu 2021 [25]

x

Y

Y

Y

Low

R. Lauche 2013 [26]

x

N

Y

Y

High

Ruojin Li 2020 [27]

x

?

x

Y

Y

Y

Low

Wen-Dien Chang 2016 [28]

x

x

x

x

N

Y

Y

High

Yanwei You 2021 [29]

x

?

x

Y

Y

Y

Low

Yingjie Zhang 2017 [30]

x

N

Y

Y

High

Zhi-peng Zeng 2020 [31]

?

x

Y

Y

Y

Low

ZENG Ling-feng 2018 [32]

x

x

N

Y

Y

High

Li Ruojin 2021 [33]

x

x

N

Y

Y

High

Li Zimeng 2020 [34]

x

?

x

N

Y

Y

High

WANG Li-dong 2022 [35]

x

?

Y

Y

Y

Low

LIU Wen-jun 2020 [36]

x

x

x

N

N

Y

High

XIA Lu-qin 2020 [37]

x

x

x

N

N

Y

High

XIE Hui 2016 [38]

?

x

N

Y

Y

Low

XIE Yu 2015 [39]

?

x

Y

Y

Y

Low

  1. “√” = low risk; “x” = high risk; “?” = unclear risk. Domain 1 study eligibility criteria, Domain 2 identification and selection of studies; Domain 3 data collection and study appraisal; Domain 4 synthesis and findings. Q1 whether all risks of bias in phase 2 were addressed or explained, Q2 whether correlations between the original study and the meta were considered, Q3 Whether to avoid emphasizing only statistically significant results: “N” for “No,” “Y” for “Yes”