Table 1 Characteristics of included studies (n= 15)
Author year (acronym) | Country(ies) | Centres (n) | Design (blind, phase) | Follow-up (months) | Funding | N included (intervention / control) | Population | Intervention | Previous treatment (lines) | Comparator | Outcomes of interest* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | % Female | ESCC | ADC | EC | GEJ | GC | ECOG ≥ 2 (%) | |||||||||||
Alberts 1992 [31] | South Africa | 1 | NR | 5 | public and private | 20 (10/10) | 54.3 | 5.0 | x | x | 50.0 | CT (5-FU, cisplatin) + RT + tube | NR | Observation + tube | OS, PFS, toxicity, QoL | |||
Dutton 2014 (COG) [32] | UK | 48 | Double-blind phase III | 12 | public and private | 450 (225/225) | 64.8 (58, 70.7) | 17.1 | x | x | x | x | 21.0 | BIO/TT (gefitimib) + BSC | 2nd or more | Placebo + BSC | OS, PFS, safety, HRQoL, DCR | |
Ford 2014 (COUGAR-02) [33] | UK | 30 | Open label phase III | 18 | private | 168 (84/84) | 65.5 (28, 84) | 19.0 | x | x | x | x | 15.0 | CT (docetaxel) + active control symptoms | 2nd | BSC* | OS, PFS, HRQoL, toxicity, QoL | |
Fuchs 2014 (REGARD) [34] | multinational (29) | 119 | Double-blind placebo control phase III | 12 | private | 355 (238/117) | 60 (51, 71) | 30.1 | x | x | 1.0 | BIO/TT (ramucirumab) + BSC | 2nd | Placebo + BSC | OS, PFS, PS, toxicity, symptoms related to the disease, QoL | |||
Hall 2021 (GO2) [42] | UK | 61 | Open label phase III | 12 | public and private | 45 (23/22) | 78.6 (58, 89) | 9.0 | x | x | x | x | 11.0 | CT (oxaliplatin / capecitabine) | NR | BSC | OS, PFS,toxicity, symptoms related to the disease, QoL | |
Huang 2021 (ALTER1102) [45] | China | 13 | Double-blind placebo control phase II | 18 | private | 165 (110/55) | 61.5 (43, 76) | 19.5 | x | x | 8.0 | BIO/TT (anlotinib) | 2nd or more | Placebo | OS, PFS, toxicity | |||
Kang 2017 (ONO-4538–12, ATTRACTION-2) [35] | multinational (Japan, South Korea and Taiwan) | 49 | Double-blind placebo control phase III | 18 | private | 493 (330/163) | 61.5 (53, 69) | 29.4 | x | x | x | 0.0 | immunotherapy (nivolumab) | 3rd or more | Placebo | OS, PFS, toxicity | ||
Kang 2019 (ANGEL) [36] | multinational (13) | 95 | Double-blind placebo control phase III | 36 | private | 460 (308/152) | 60.0 | 23.3 | x | x | x | 0.0 | BIO/TT (rivoceranib) + BSC | 3rd or more | Placebo + BSC | OS, PFS, toxicity, QoL | ||
Levard 1998 [43] | France | 18 | NR | 14 | NR | 94 (48/46) | 58.0 | 4.5 | x | x | 60.0 | CT (5-FU, cisplatin) | NR | Observation | OS, toxicity | |||
Li 2016 [41] | China | 32 | Double-blind placebo control phase III | 30 | private | 267 (176/91) | 58.0 (23, 71) | 24.0 | x | x | x | 0.0 | BIO/TT (apatinib) | 3rd | Placebo | OS, PFS, toxicity, QoL | ||
Nicolaou 1982 [44] | South Africa | 1 | NR | 14 | NR | 24 (12/12) | 57.0 | 0.0 | x | x | x | 0.0 | CT (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide) | NR | Observation + tube | OS, toxicity | ||
Ohtsu 2013 (GRANITE-1) [37] | multinational (22) | 137 | Double-blind phase III | 18 | private | 656 (439/217) | 62.0 (20, 88) | 26.4 | x | x | x | 0.1 | BIO/TT (everolimus) + BSC | 2nd or more | Placebo + BSC | OS, PFS, PS, toxicity, QoL | ||
Pavlakis 2016 (INTEGRATE) [38] | multinational (4) | 53 | Double-blind placebo control phase II | 6 | public and private | 147 (97/50) | 60.0 (32, 85) | 19.1 | x | x | x | 0.0 | BIO/TT (regorafenib) + BSC | 2nd or more | Placebo + BSC | OS, PFS, toxicity, symptoms related to disease, QoL | ||
Schmid 1993 [39] | South Africa | 1 | NR | NR | NR | 127 (40/46) | 54.0 | NR | x | x | 68.6 | CT (trimetrexate/ifosfamide + mesna/5-FU + leucovorin) + tube | NR | Observation + tube | OS, PS, toxicity, QoL | |||
Shitara 2018 (TAGS) [40] | multinational (17) | 110 | Double-blind placebo control phase III | 18 | private | 507 (337/170) | 63.5 (56, 70) | 28.0 | x | x | x | 0.0 | CT (trifluridine / tipiracil) + BSC | 3rd or more | Placebo + BSC | OS, PS, toxicity, symptoms related to disease, QoL | ||