Fig. 2

Frequency of survey measures used in included studies. Abbreviations in order: Texas Christian University Drug Screen (TCUDS), Substance Use and Abuse Survey (SUAS), the Simple Screening Instrument for Substance Abuse (SSI-SA), the Simple Screening Instrument (SSI), screen of drug use (SoDU), single-item screening questions (SISQs), Substance Dependence Severity Scale (SDSS), Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory-2 (SASSI-2), Rapid Opioid Dependence Screen (RODS), Personality Assessment Inventory Drug Problem Scale (PAI DRG), National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), the Marijuana Screening Inventory (MSI-X), the Longitudinal Substance Use Recall Instrument Recall for 12 Weeks instrument (LSUR-12), the Longitudinal Substance Use Recall Instrument (LSUR), Lifetime Severity Index for Cocaine Use Disorder (LSI-Cocaine), Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS), the Drug Use Screening Inventory (DUSI), Dartmouth Assessment of Lifestyle Instrument (DALI), Cut down, Annoyed, Guilty, and Eye-Opener Substance Abuse Screening Tool (CAGE), the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS), Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test-Drug (ASSIST-Drug), Parents, Partners, Past, and Pregnancy Plus (4P’s Plus), tobacco, alcohol, prescription medication, and other substance use (TAPS tool), Substance Use Brief Screen (SUBS), single question used from short inventory of problems-drug use (SIP-DU), Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST), the Chemical Use, Abuse, and Dependence (CUAD), Addiction Severity Index (ASI)