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Table 4 Summary statistics for the prevalence of TD by risk factors for each study

From: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and associated factors among adult type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, 2000–2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Associated factors

Authors and year

Ogbonna S. et al. (2019) [28]

Yimer, R. M. et al. (2022) [2]

Papazafiropoulou, A. et al. (2010) [27]

Khatiwada, S. et al. (2015) [29]

Khassawneh, A. et al. (2020) [42]

AI Wazzan, H. et al. (2010) [36]

AI-Geffari, M. et al. (2013) [23]

Sex

Female

56.5%

78.2%

78.4%

46.77%

47.9%

67.2%

68.6%

Male

43.5%

21.8%

21.6%

53.23%

52.1%

32.8%

31.4%

Central obesity

Yes

30%

-

-

 

-

-

 

No

14%

-

-

 

-

-

 

HbA1c

 ≥ 7%

27%

-

-

 

35.2%

-

 

 < 7%

17%

-

-

 

21.8%

-

 

Duration of DM

 < 5 years

34%

58.6%

-

 

-

-

17.3%

 ≥ 5 years

10%

41.4%

-

 

-

-

 

Educational level

No

-

27.3%

-

 

-

-

 

1°

-

36.9%

-

 

-

-

 

2°

-

30.4%

-

 

-

-

 

Post 2°

-

5.4%

-

 

-

-

 

Diabetic neuropathy

Yes

17%

50%

-

 

-

  

No

27%

50%

-

  

-

 

Diabetic retinopathy

Yes

-

29.3%

-

  

-

 

No

-

70.4%

-

  

-

 

Family history of TD

Yes

-

-

-

20.8%

 

-

14.7%

No

-

-

-

  

-

 

Smoking

Yes

-

-

-

19.3%

15%

12.7%

 

No

-

-

-

 

75.2%

11.8%

 
 

Ex

    

9.8%

75.5%

 
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Systematic Reviews

ISSN: 2046-4053