Table 2 General characteristics and outcomes of the included studies (n = 38)
No | Author and year | Country | Sample size | Study design | P (%) | Shypo | Hypo | Shyper | Hyper | Study quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Zhu, Y. et al. (2019) [26] | China | 1677 | Cross sectional | 23.79 | 4.89 | 9.3 | 1.13 | 3.16 | Good |
2 | Vamshidhar et al. (2020) [16] | India | 50 | Cross sectional | 16 | 8 | 6 | 0 | 2 | Good |
3 | Tudor, R. M. et al. (2018) [10] | Ireland | 618 | Cohort | 30.5 | 15.5 | 3.5 | 9.7 | 1.8 | Good |
4 | Subekti, I. et al. (2017) [11] | Indonesia | 303 | Cross sectional | 9.9 | 0 | 7.59 | 0 | 2.31 | Good |
5 | Papazafiropoulou, A. et al. (2010) [27] | Greek | 1092 | Cross sectional | 12.3 | Good | ||||
6 | Palma, C. C. et al. (2013) [22] | Brazil | 304 | Cross sectional | 13.3 | 12 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.3 | Good |
7 | Ogbonna, S. U. et al. (2019) [28] | Nigeria | 354 | Cross sectional | 12.4 | 0 | 11.6 | 0 | 0.8 | Good |
8 | Khatiwada, S. et al. (2015) [29] | Nepal | 401 | Cross sectional | 35.4 | 0 | 31.17 | 0 | 4.05 | Good |
9 | Khassawneh, A. H. et al. (2020) [42] | Jordan | 998 | Case control | 26.7 | 12.5 | 9.5 | 2.3 | 2.3 | Good |
10 | Díez, J. J. et al. (2011) [7] | India | 75 | Cross sectional | 25.2 | 14.6 | 8 | 1.3 | 1.3 | Good |
11 | Demitrost, L. et al. (2012) [48] | India | 202 | Retrospective study | 31.2 | 16.3 | 11.4 | 2 | 1.5 | Good |
12 | Al-Wazzan, H. et al. (2010) [36] | Kuwait | 1580 | CS and CC | 12.9 | 45.1 | 20.1 | 13.2 | 5.9 | Good |
13 | Al-Geffari, M. et al. (2013) [23] | Saudi | 411 | Cross sectional | 28.5 | 9.5 | 15.8 | 2.7 | 0.5 | Good |
14 | Radaideh, A. et al. (2004) [30] | Jordan | 908 | Cross sectional | 12.5 | 4 | 6.2 | 1.2 | 4 | Good |
15 | Vikhe, V. B. et al. (2013) [9] | India | 50 | Case control | 30 | 14 | 22 | 6 | 2 | Good |
16 | Yadav, A. et al. (2021) [47] | India | 2219 | Cohort | 20.3 | 14.1 | 3.2 | 0 | 3 | Good |
17 | Peters, K. E. et al. (2020) [46] | Australia | 1408 | Cohort | 16.8 | Good | ||||
18 | Ozair, M. et al. (2021) [31] | India | 250 | Cross-sectional | 28 | 18.8 | 8 | 0 | 1.2 | Good |
19 | Elgazar, E. H. et al. (2019) [32] | Egypt | 200 | Cross sectional | 29 | 13 | 7 | 3 | 6 | Good |
20 | Moslem, F. et al. (2015) [14] | Bangladesh | 232 | Cross sectional | 10 | Good | ||||
21 | Sarfo-Kantanka O. et al. (2017) [43] | Ghana | 302 | Case control | 12.2 | Good | ||||
22 | Ghazali S. M. et al. (2010) [40] | Nigeria | 64 | Case control | 29.7 | 15.8 | 0 | 5.2 | 0 | Good |
23 | Jalal M. J. et al. (2019) [39] | India | 50 | Case control | 16 | 10 | 6 | 0 | 0 | Good |
24 | Akbar D. H. et al. (2006) [41] | Saudi | 74 | Case control | 9.5 | 6.75 | 2.7 | 0 | 0 | Good |
25 | Hussain T. et al. (2019) [45] | India | 700 | Prospective | 21.7 | 8 | 9.3 | 2.1 | 2.3 | Good |
26 | Younes Y. R. (2020) [33] | Iraq | 90 | Cross sectional | 17.7 | 11.1 | 3.3 | 1.1 | 2.2 | Good |
27 | Jugati A., Biradar M. (2018) [51] | India | 200 | Case series | 25 | 13.5 | 5.5 | 2.5 | 3.5 | Good |
28 | Haque S. I. U. et al. (2019) [34] | Pakistan | 334 | Cross sectional | 30.3 | 15.6 | 2.7 | 10.2 | 1.8 | Good |
29 | Elmenshawi I. et al. (2017) [49] | Egypt | 100 | Retrospective study | 29 | 23 | 3 | 0 | 3 | Good |
30 | Al-Lehibi K. I. et al. (2019) [50] | Iraq | 1341 | Retrospective study | 8 | 0 | 7 | 0 | 1 | Good |
31 | Noori D. A. S. et al. (2019) [38] | Iraq | 75 | Case control | 13.3 | 4 | 6.6 | 1.3 | 1.3 | Good |
32 | Ahmed A. A. et al. (2017) [3] | Libya | 369 | Cross sectional | 9.5 | 5 | 2.3 | 0 | 2.2 | Good |
33 | Papanna J. et al. (2019) [8] | India | 100 | Cross sectional | 32 | 18 | 8 | 1 | 5 | Good |
34 | Mausam Jain et al. (2020) [35] | India | 263 | Cross sectional | 25.44 | 5.7 | 14.8 | 1.9 | 3.04 | Good |
35 | Jain G. et al. (2013) [37] | India | 200 | Cross sectional | 16 | 7.5 | 4.5 | 1.5 | 2.5 | Good |
36 | Padma V. et al. (2015) [44] | India | 100 | Case control | 29 | 16 | 10 | 2 | 1 | Good |
37 | Vij V. et al. (2014) [53] | India | 40 | Case control | 25 | 15 | 10 | 0 | 0 | Good |
38 | Aljabri K. S. (2019) [52] | Saudi | 2069 | Cross-sectional | 20.7 | 3 | 11.1 | 6 | 1.6 | Good |